Potential Emission Reduction

• Moderately dense forests - All lands with tree canopy density of 40 percent and more, but less than 70 percent.
• Open forests - All lands with tree canopy density of 10 percent and more, but less than 40 percent.
• Scrub/grasslands - Degraded forest lands with poor tree growth mainly of small or stunted trees having canopy density less than 10 percent.
• Mangroves – A diverse group of salt-tolerant plant community of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions
• Wetlands – A place where land is covered by water, either salt, fresh or somewhere in between. Marshes and ponds, the edge of a lake or ocean, the delta at the mouth of a river, low-lying areas that frequently flood
• Social forestry - Includes farm forestry (plantations etc.), community forestry (common land, government wasteland etc), extension forestry (trees on the sides of roads, canals and railways, along with planting on wastelands) & agro-forestry (trees grown in combination with agricultural crops).
• Urban & peri-urban areas (including institutional lands) – Include recorded or notified forest patches, open spaces/green spaces like parks/wood, diffused planting like avenues/households, institutional lands, especially lands belonging to or allotted to business/industrial houses and educational institutions

Shared Mobility

Shared Mobility constitutes any mode of transportation that is shared by users on need basis. It includes the simultaneous use of an asset like buses & mass transit, or the independent use of shared assets like app-based 2, 3, 4-wheelers, regardless of asset ownership. Shared mobility services can be provided by vehicles registered for commercial use (such as taxis, auto rickshaws and buses) or for personal use, as allowed by the regulatory ecosystem.

Source: Moving Forward Together: Enabling Shared Mobility in India, NITI Aayog

In case data for Annual Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKTs) is not available, it can be estimated using one of the following ways:

Average Trip Length and Number of trips –
Annual VKTs = Avg. Trip Length x No. of trips x 365 x No. of buses

Average route length, Number of vehicles & route frequency for eg. in case of buses, ferries and shared vehicles following the same daily route –
Annual VKTs = Avg. route length x No. of buses x route frequency x 365

Average daily vehicle kilometres travelled (VKTs) and Number of vehicles –
Annual VKTs = Daily avg. VKTs (per day, per vehicle) x Number of vehicles x 365

Total daily vehicle kilometres travelled (VKTs) by vehicular fleet –
Annual VKTs = Daily avg. VKTs (per day, vehicular fleet) x 365

• Anaerobic managed solid waste disposal sites: These must have controlled placement of waste (i.e. waste directed to specific deposition areas, a degree of control of scavenging and a degree of control of fires) and will include at least one of the following: (i) cover material; (ii) mechanical compacting; or (iii) levelling of the waste.
• Semi-aerobic managed solid waste disposal sites: Deep and/or with high water table at near ground level. Latter situation corresponds to filling inland water, such as pond, river or wetland, by waste.
• Unmanaged solid waste disposal sites: Deep and/or with high water table: All SWDS not meeting the criteria of managed SWDS and which have the depths of greater than or equal to 5 metres and/or high-water table at near ground level. Latter situation corresponds to filling inland water, such as pond, river or wetland, by waste.
• Unmanaged shallow solid waste disposal sites: All SWDS not meeting the criteria of managed SWDS and which have depths of less than 5 metres