Urban Flooding has increased in its frequency and severity in the country. Various urban development patterns such as increase in impervious surfaces and decrease in green cover that deter ground water absorption, inefficient storm water drainage and development in flood plains increase the flooding risks of a city. The objective of the engagement with the World Bank is to demonstrate a roadmap for climate smart and resilient urbanization in India. To achieve this, one of the tasks is to compile a compendium of best practices in the area of urban water management with focus on flood resilience which can be used by cities for identifying options for resilient infrastructure investments. For the compendium, the intent is to illustrate the scalability of actions in Indian cities. A framework based on various factors such as the feasibility for scaling up actions, implementable financial models, type of intervention, type of impact etc. will be developed. Case studies will be selected and compiled based on this framework to better inform the type of actions to be adopted in Indian cities. For this purpose, 35 successful interventions (including global and Indian) were identified. These interventions were further categorized into: - Nature based solutions – include blue and green interventions such as wetland management, mangrove management, creating public parks/ spaces as sponges that promote water storage and percolation, river restoration etc., that are environmental-friendly approaches and can have co-benefits of improving the quality of lives through enhances public spaces. - Planning solutions – include frameworks and actions plans developed for enhancing flood resilience, enhanced flood management, community-based flood mitigation, regional scale interventions etc., that can support in identifying short-medium-long term measures across various urban sectors for strengthening flood resilience. - Infrastructure solutions – include large restoration projects of rivers and streams, water reservoirs, retention structure, flood control networks, river basin management etc., that may be required where nature-based solutions are not possible or adequate for flood resilience. - Technology solutions – include practices such as early warning systems, data informed flood preparedness, modeling to inform flood mitigation actions, functioning of flood control center, cloudburst management etc., that are useful in predicting floods. This prediction can help in efficient planning and coordination among various government departments and associated stakeholders to work together in either mitigating flood and for mobilizing support post-flood. Further, each of the interventions are highlighted based on - The potential for scaling up in other cities/ regions - Co-benefits achieved in terms of social, economic, environmental and physical - Resilience characteristics in terms of robust, reflective, resourceful , redundant, integrated, inclusive and flexible to further indicate the extent of resilience.
Manjree Datta Research Assistant